PDA

View Full Version : Medieval Wages


Curufea
Mar 14th, '05, 08:42 PM
Based on early-late medieval wages list for England
http://www.curufea.com/games/western/5e/wages.php

The original list is here-
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/medievalprices.html

I modified the wages according to inflation (by a comparison to Thatcher wages) and broke them down into day/week/month/year if they weren't already.

Low wages I presume are best represented by employees of merchants, and high wages by noble employees.

And for those that don't know Imperial -
12 Pennies (d) = 1 Shilling (s)
20 Shillings = 1 Pound (L)

I changed "Welsh" to "Militia" and seperated "Baron" and "Earl" into a further "Baronet" and "Duke".
A Vintener is in charge of 20 men. A Constable or Centenar is in charge of 100 men.

There are good lists in the Harn system as well, but I don't have it handy.

I'm also thinking of typing up the medieval section of the Rolemaster book "... and a 10-Foot Pole" from the mithril/platinum/gold/silver/bronze system of theirs into the Imperial system for use with my Western Shores.
tkdguy
Mar 14th, '05, 08:56 PM
Very nice. Repped.
Agemegos
Mar 14th, '05, 10:05 PM
I changed "Welsh" to "Militia" and seperated "Baron" and "Earl" into a further "Baronet" and "Duke".

Dubious. There were no dukes in England until 1337 (when the Duchy of Cornwall was created as an appanage for the heir apparent to the throne), and none outside the royal family until 1396. The title 'baronet' was invented in 1611. The mediaeval period in England ended in 1485.

What figures have you used for the 'wages' of nobles? The income of their estates?

Finally, I am a bit worried about your figure for the wage of an unskilled worker. My researches showed that it was never lower than 1.25 pence per day (in the Twelfth Century) and rose to 3.75 pence per day after about 1350. Are you sure that the figures you based your adjustments on were the whole wage? Are you sure that there were not substantial payments in kind (livery) in addition to the cash wage?
Curufea
Mar 14th, '05, 11:48 PM
This is why it is in the Fantasy Hero forum - not Other Genre as historical :)

It is "Based on..." (as stated in the first sentence)

You can have a look at the <a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/medievalprices.html">original document</a> which actually IS researched.

I merely split up the low income and the high income of a noble title into different titles.

Mind you, if you had looked at the <a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/medievalprices.html">original document</a> you would see it covers a period of over 300 years, from the 13th to the late 16th centuries.

Might I recommend having a look at the <a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/medievalprices.html">original document</a>?

Failing that you can check the bibliography quoted in the <a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/medievalprices.html">original document</a> :-



Sources

[1] English Wayfaring Life in the XIVth Century, J. J. Jusserand, trans Lucy Smith, Putnam's Sons, New York,1931 (Orig. 1889).

[2] London in the Age of Chaucer, A. R. Myers, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1972

[3] Standards of Living in the Later Middle Ages, Christopher Dyer, Cambridge University Press, 1989

[4] English Weapons & Warfare, 449-1660, A. V. B. Norman and Don Pottinger, Barnes & Noble, 1992 (orig. 1966)

[5] The Armourer and his Craft from the XIth to the XVIth Century, Charles ffoulkes, Dover, 1988 (orig. 1912)

[6] "The Cost of Castle Building: The Case of the Tower at Langeais," Bernard Bachrach, in The Medieval Castle: Romance and Reality, ed. Kathryn Reyerson and Faye Powe, Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa, 1984

[7] The Knight in History, Frances Gies, Harper & Row, New York, 1984

[8] Methods and Practice of Elizabethan Swordplay, Craig Turner and Tony Soper, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, 1990

[9] Life in a Medieval City, Joseph and Frances Gies, Harper & Row, New York, 1969
HewhoisMatt
Mar 14th, '05, 11:50 PM
I would have thought there would have been more pay in goods, and services such as room, and board or training in a skill.
Curufea
Mar 14th, '05, 11:53 PM
But to answer your question -
No, I'm not sure. I didn't do any research AT ALL.

The medieval period is not one I am that interested in getting historically accurate, I'm more interested in the dark ages. However it is a good period to set high fantasy roleplaying campaigns - which I do intend on doing soon.

To create a roleplaying setting with elements of fantasy and magic, I'm not too worried about making it exactly duplicate real history.
Galadorn
Mar 28th, '05, 05:36 AM
But to answer your question -
No, I'm not sure. I didn't do any research AT ALL.

The medieval period is not one I am that interested in getting historically accurate, I'm more interested in the dark ages. However it is a good period to set high fantasy roleplaying campaigns - which I do intend on doing soon.

To create a roleplaying setting with elements of fantasy and magic, I'm not too worried about making it exactly duplicate real history.

The best period for High Fantasy I think is 1283-1299 in England. This was a colonizing period, and alot of castles were built. But there was also alot of Wilderness era left. I try to place all my games in a concrete Medieval time frame, so it makes it easy reference work for me.

All I have to do is look up technology or law in this time Period and I'm set.
Thrakazog
Mar 28th, '05, 10:32 AM
A well done effort which I will immediately pirate for use in my own campaign. Repped.
Vanguard00
Mar 28th, '05, 12:58 PM
A well done effort which I will immediately pirate for use in my own campaign. Repped.
Yeah, what he said.

Um, which campaign is that, Thrak?
Curufea
Mar 28th, '05, 01:16 PM
I've just finished converting the version 3 Netbook of D&D prices as well for anyone interested in a High Fantasy price list done in imperial currency. The Base Unit of 1 copper piece being converted to a farthing (quarter of a penny).

I'll post it later today - it's simplified (If a price range was offered, I chose the lowest of the range).

I'm not going to bother making this one historic, I'll save that for the "... and a 10 foot pole" conversion (which is about 10% done).
MisterBaldy
Mar 28th, '05, 02:36 PM
Great information Curufea...

You have been REPPED appropriately!!!
Curufea
Mar 28th, '05, 09:24 PM
Okay, the netbook conversion is a bit too large to put here, so here's a link to where I've hosted my conversion-

http://www.curufea.com/games/western/5e/fantasyprices.php
Agemegos
Mar 28th, '05, 11:10 PM
I didn't do any research AT ALL.

To create a roleplaying setting with elements of fantasy and magic, I'm not too worried about making it exactly duplicate real history.

Fair enough. I on the other hand am afraid that if I pay no attention at all to realism I will set myself up for a fall. So I actually did some research when I was compiling my mediaeval price list. Trusty old Google seem to tell me that no-one is hosting a copy any more, so here is some grist for your mill. I hope you don't have too much trouble with the format. My players refused to understand pounds, shillings, and pence, so I have put all these figures in pennies.

MEDIAEVAL PRICE LIST

This price list is intended to replace those used in fantasy role-playing games, which are rarely informed by reality. It is based as far as possible on the actual prices of commodities between 1100 AD and 1400 AD, concentrating on earlier. As far as is possible, prices have been adjusted to reflect the inflation of silver and the debasement of coins, and are given in a epoch of about 1200 AD, even though some of the items were not in fact available in 1200 AD.
Prices in this list are given in pence, each equal to the value of the Carolingian penny or denier of 1/240th of a (Roman) pound of silver. That is to say that a penny weighed about 1.35 gammes, which would make it about the size of a pre-decimal Australia threepence, which is rather small. The English did not mint anything other than pennies during the mediæval period, nor did they debase the penny. Groats (gros) worth four deniers were minted on the Continent, but they were soon debased.
The most common gold coin seems to have weighed 3.5 grammes, and to have been called an ecu, florin, ducat, crown, bezaint, or sequin, depending on where it was minted. As the relative prices of gold and silver varied, so would its value, from about 37 to about 75 pence. A normal or average value of 60 pence (5 shillings) seems not unreasonable.
Farthings were not minted in copper. They were made by cutting pennies into quarters. From the time of King John (about 1200) pennies had crosses on the back to guide their accurate cutting.
Asterices (*) mark prices interpolated from RPG price lists.


Armour

Leather 60
Scale* 600
Mail 1,200
Partial plate 1,640
Plate armour, complete 2,000
Improved plate* 2,400
Bascinet, with lining 200


Board & Lodging

College/boarding school, per week 24
Inn, London– beds, per night 1
Inn, rural– meal with drinks 2
” heat and light private chamber 1.25
” beds for gentlemen, per night 0.5
” beds for servants, per night 0.25
” hot bath 2
” stabling and fodder (per horse) 1.25
Rent, cottage, per year 60
” craftsman’s house ” 240
” merchant’s house ” 600

Building construction

Church, 125’, stonework only 27,000
” cathedral 500,000+
Cottage, 2storey– w. material free 480
Hall & chamber, modest 2,880
–labour only, materials from estate
Hovel, from materials available 120
Wooden gatehouse, with drawbridge
–with materials from estate 1,280
–plus value of materials 3,840
Stone gatehouse, in modest private castle
–with materials from estate 4,000
–plus value of materials 7,200
Tower (in large royal castle) 48,000
Well, per fathom deep 18

Buildings & real estate

Row house (in York, well built) 1,200
Craftsman’s house, with shop, 2,880
workers’ quarters, and tile roof
Merchant’s house, in large city 7,200
House with a courtyard, ” 21,600
Guildhall in large city 32,600
(hall, 2 chambers, buttery, pantry, kitchen)

Clothing

Prices listed are for plain, standard-quality. Apply modifiers for expensive materials, fine workmanship, and so forth.

Belt, weapon 2
Boots, pair 8
Chemise, linen 8
Cloak, woolen 36
” fur-lined 116
Gown (long), woolen 36
Gloves* 3
Hat 10
Kirtle, woolen 24
Purse 1.5
Quiver, red leather 9
Robe, woolen 36
Scarf* 1
Shoes, pair 4.5
Surcoat, linen 24
Trousers*, woolen 20
Tunic (short)/doublet 24
Underlinen 12
Clothing modifiers
Dyed, dear (scarlet, green, black) x1.6
” rare (purple, royal blue) x2
Fur lining, cheap +80
” luxury furs +480–720
Fine cloth x2
Shoddy (recycled rags) x0.4
Silk x12

Household furnishings

Basin & ewer 16–32
Blanket, woolen 15
Bottle 3
Bowl, earthenware 0.25
Candles, tallow, in the country, per lb. 1.5
” tallow, in a large city, per lb. 2
” wax, per lb. 6.5
Chair 4
Chest 6
” large, for clothes 24
Coffer (strongbox) 12
Cup, earthenware 0.25
” glass 2.5
Ewer, metal (brass? pewter?) 6
Knife, eating 2
Mattress, straw 2
Mirror, silvered 24
Padlock 12
Pillow 1
Plate, earthenware 0.25
Pot, cooking, ceramic 0.5
” brass, large 12
Sheet, linen 4
Stool 3
Towel 6
Table 6

Information and Instruction

Books, per pecia 9.5
Book rental, per pecia per year 1
(a pecia is approx. 7,500 words, the Bible is about 100 pecia)
Fencing instruction, per month 120
Tuition, monastery school, per year 480
”, private schoolmaster 160
”, University, basic courses 480
” ” fashionable lecturers &c 1200+

Livestock

Item Price
Capon 2
Calf, weaned 10
Cow 72
” good milker 120
Duck 1
Donkey or mule* 280
Falcon, trained gerfalcon 48
” trained goshawk 60
Fowl (hen) 0.5
Goose 3
Horse, riding hack 300+
” pony* 300+
” trained for horse-archer 480+
” draught horse 1,200+
” palfrey 1,680+
” hunter* 2,100+
” trained destrier 9,600+
Ox 108
Pig (in breeding country) 24
” (in a large city) 36
Pigeon0.25
Sheep (in breeding country) 10
” (in a large city) 17

Precious items

Necklace, gold 80
” pearl 282
Ring, gold setting with diamonds 1,800
” gold setting with ruby 320
Spoon, silver 28

Provisions

Ale, per gallon 0.5
Bacon, per side 9.5
Bread, 1 loaf (24 oz?) 0.25
Cider, per tun 60
Cheese, retail, per lb 2
” whole, 80 lb 40
Eggs, per dozen 0.5
Fish, herrings, per dozen 1
” Pike, whole, 3’ long 80
” Sturgeon, per barrel 396
Fruit, figs, per lb 1.5
” pears, (30) 1
” pomegranate, 1 only 6
Gingerbread, per lb 36
Grain, barley, per quarter 22
” oats, per quarter 16
” wheat, per quarter 38
Ham, whole 16
Onions, 1 bushel 8
Partridges, per brace 4.5
Raisins, per lb 2
Salt, per bushel 3
Spices, per lb up to 168
Sugar, per lb 12
Wine, fine claret, per tun (252 gal.) 480
” best, per gallon 4–5
” cheapest, per gallon 2
To feed a lord, per day 7
” a squire ” 4
” yeoman ” 3
” groom ” 1

Services

Armour, clean & de-rust 5
” overhaul & varnish 16
Carriage, annual maintenance 12–36
Cesspit, empty out 80
Courier, 1 horse, per 50 km or day 12
” 2 horses, per 100 km or day 18
Ferry, river crossing for man & horse 1
Guide, for one night 1
Milling grain, per quarter 1
Minstrel, to play at an inn 1
” Christmas gig at manor house 36
Stabling & care, warhorse, per day 5.25
” foal ” 1.5

Stationery

Parchment, folio, per leaf 0.5
Vellum ” 1.25
Wax, sealing, per lb. 2

Tools and hardware

Anvil 240
Armourer’s tools, complete 3,324
Auger 3
Axe 5
Barrel 3
Bellows, large (for forge) 240
Bucket 4
Canvas, 25 yards 80
Chisel 4
Loom and treadle 24
Pick* 1.5
Plough 36
Rope, light, per fathom 0.5
Sand barrel (for cleaning mail) 9
Saw, hand* 12
Saw, cross-cut* 30
Shovel* 1.5
Spade 1.5
Spinning wheel (late) 10
Vat 4
Vise 160
Yoke 16

Vehicles

Barge 2,400
Boat, 10’ sailing 78
Carrack* 910
Carriage* 320
Cart, iron-bound 48
”, wooden (unfit for long trips) 24
Cutter* 95
Dray/waggon, iron-shod wheels 120
Galley, 40-oared* 8,480
” 80-oared & masted* 14,896

Wages & Incomes

Labourer, per day 1.25
Craftsman, per day
armourer 5–6
carpenter 3
mason 4
weaver 2.5
apprentice carpenter 1.75
apprentice armourer 3.75
Landowner, per year (£1 = 240 pence)
” knight £30–£300
” baron or abbot £200–£500
” earl/count or bishop £400–£11,000
” King (of England) £30,000
Mercenary, per day
Archer 3
” mounted 6
Knight banneret 48
Knight 24
Infantryman, armoured 6
Man-at-arms, mounted 12
Squire 12
Priest (in a chantry), per year 1,120
Servant, per year (plus bed & board)
” squire 160–240
” carter, porter, groom, 60–104
falconer, messenger, etc.
” indoor and kitchen 24–48
” boys and pages 12–72

Weapons

Swords
Dagger* 3.5
Main gauche* 7
Short sword* 14
Falchion 12
Scimitar* 20.5
Tulwar* 22
Rapier* 12
Sabre* 14
Broadsword* 17
Estoc* 22
Hand & a Half* 29
Claymore* 27.5
Two-handed sword* 34
Hafted weapons
Hand axe 5
Battle axe* 7
Great axe* 10
Giant axe* 13
Crude club* 0.25
War club* 1
Torch 0.25
Mace* 5
Giant mace* 13.5
War hammer* 5
War pick* 7
Flail* 5
Morningstar* 7
Mattock* 6
Quarterstaff* 0.25
Sap* 0.75
Pole weapons
Javelin* 1.25
Spear* 3.5
Giant spear* 7
Pike* 5
Lance 6
Halberd* 5
Poleaxe* 7
Trident* 7
Glaive* 5
Giant glaive* 10
Missile weapons
Sling* 1.25
Short bow* 14.5
Long bow 18
Composite bow* 21.5
Giant bow* 57.5
Crossbow 60
Cranequin for above* 40
Spearthrower* 1.5
Blowgun* 2
Ammunition
Arrows (longbow), (24) 3
Bolts (crossbow), (20) 6.25
Bullets, lead (sling), (8) 1
Entangling weapons
Net* 3
Bolas* 4.5
Whip* 7.25
Anachronistic weapons
Cestus* 5
Garotte* 2
Shields
Buckler* 1.75
Small round shield* 2.75
Large round shield* 3.5
Kite shield* 5
Tower shield* 6.75
Main gauche* 7

Legal privileges

Apprenticeship, guild of carpenters 12
” company of mercers 24
Freedom (of a city) 40–240
Marriage licence (for serf) 12–160
Membership, guild of carpenters 40
” company of mercers 240
” other guilds 80–720
Nobility, patent of 30,000
Curufea
Mar 28th, '05, 11:42 PM
Very nice!

So far I have three pricelists on my Western Shores page - the most recent is the netbook conversion mentioned in the link above, which is simply a conversion of D&D lists into Imperial for those folk wanting High Fantasy.

The other two are wages and prices based on historical sources (as in the first post) - albeit based on only one source, a secondary or possibly tertiary source that has its own bibliography and seems fairly reputable.

I would like to incorporate you price list into my more historical one if possible. After I put it into a spreadsheet, it's pretty simple to do conversions.

I've not yet satisfactorily worked out the conversion rate between fantasy coinage (gp) and historical coinage. It's very difficult to base it on average daily wage - because fantasy settings rarely have them, or have them consistently, or even acknowledge that the occupations they have listed are complete guesses and inconsistent.

My main purpose in creating lists on a spreadsheet (and then to webpages) is to then work out conversion factors for the non-standard currencies. In my setting, different cultures use different coinage - and I'd like some realism as to how these compare.
Vanguard00
Mar 29th, '05, 12:00 AM
Okay, the netbook conversion is a bit too large to put here, so here's a link to where I've hosted my conversion-

http://www.curufea.com/games/western/5e/fantasyprices.php
I like the list a lot, but I think you should have some sort of legend/conversion chart for your coinage.

For example, I know how many shillings per pound, that a shilling is (d) and a pound is (L), but how 'bout the rest of the numbers & letters? I think that should be at the top of the page...or is there a reference somewhere else?
Curufea
Mar 29th, '05, 12:55 AM
<TABLE><TBODY><TR><TD></TD><TD></TD><TH>Imperial</TH><TH>FH</TH></TR><TR><TH>Armour</TH><TH>Pennies</TH><TH>Price</TH><TH>Price</TH></TR><TR><TD>LeaTHer</TD><TD>60</TD><TD>5s</TD><TD>4gp 8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Scale*</TD><TD>600</TD><TD>L2 10s</TD><TD>48gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Mail</TD><TD align="right" x:num="1200">1,200</TD><TD>L5</TD><TD>96gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Partial plate</TD><TD align="right" x:num="1640">1,640</TD><TD>L6 16s 8d</TD><TD>131gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Plate armour, complete</TD><TD align="right" x:num="2000">2,000</TD><TD>L8 6s 8d</TD><TD>160gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Improved plate*</TD><TD align="right" x:num="2400">2,400</TD><TD>L10</TD><TD>192gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Bascinet, wiTH lining</TD><TD>200</TD><TD>16s 8d</TD><TD>16gp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Board &amp; Lodging</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>College/boarding school, per week</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Inn, London&quot; beds, per night</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Inn, rural&quot; meal wiTH drinks</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; heat and light private chamber</TD><TD>1.25</TD><TD>1d 1f</TD><TD>1sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; beds for gentlemen, per night</TD><TD>0.5</TD><TD>2f</TD><TD>4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; beds for servants, per night</TD><TD>0.25</TD><TD>1f</TD><TD>2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; hot baTH</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; stabling and fodder (per horse)</TD><TD>1.25</TD><TD>1d 1f</TD><TD>1sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Rent, cottage, per year</TD><TD>60</TD><TD>5s</TD><TD>4gp 8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; craftsman&quot;s house &quot;</TD><TD>240</TD><TD>L1</TD><TD>19gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; merchant&quot;s house &quot;</TD><TD>600</TD><TD>L2 10s</TD><TD>48gp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Building consTRuction</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Church,125&quot;, stonework only</TD><TD align="right" x:num="27000">27,000</TD><TD>L112 10s</TD><TD>2160gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; caTHedral</TD><TD>500000</TD><TD>L2083 6s 8d</TD><TD>40000gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Cottage, 2storey&quot; w. material free</TD><TD>480</TD><TD>L2</TD><TD>38gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Hall &amp; chamber, modest</TD><TD align="right" x:num="2880">2,880</TD><TD>L12</TD><TD>230gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot;labour only, materials from estate</TD><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Hovel, from materials available</TD><TD>120</TD><TD>10s</TD><TD>9gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Wooden gatehouse, wiTH drawbridge</TD><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot;wiTH materials from estate</TD><TD align="right" x:num="1280">1,280</TD><TD>L5 6s 8d</TD><TD>102gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot;plus value of materials</TD><TD align="right" x:num="3840">3,840</TD><TD>L16</TD><TD>307gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Stone gatehouse, in modest private castle</TD><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot;wiTH materials from estate</TD><TD align="right" x:num="4000">4,000</TD><TD>L16 13s 4d</TD><TD>320gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot;plus value of materials</TD><TD align="right" x:num="7200">7,200</TD><TD>L30</TD><TD>576gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Tower (in large royal castle)</TD><TD align="right" x:num="48000">48,000</TD><TD>L200</TD><TD>3840gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Well, per faTHom deep</TD><TD>18</TD><TD>1s 6d</TD><TD>1gp 4sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Buildings &amp; real estate</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Row house (in York, well built)</TD><TD align="right" x:num="1200">1,200</TD><TD>L5</TD><TD>96gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Craftsman&quot;s house, wiTH shop, workers&quot; quarters, and tile roof</TD><TD align="right" x:num="2880">2,880</TD><TD>L12</TD><TD>230gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Merchant&quot;s house, in large city</TD><TD align="right" x:num="7200">7,200</TD><TD>L30</TD><TD>576gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>House wiTH a courtyard, &quot;</TD><TD align="right" x:num="21600">21,600</TD><TD>L90</TD><TD>1728gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Guildhall in large city</TD><TD align="right" x:num="32600">32,600</TD><TD>L135 16s 8d</TD><TD>2608gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>(hall, 2 chambers, buttery, panTRy, kitchen)</TD><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TH>CloTHing</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD colspan="4">Prices listed are for plain, standard-quality. Apply modifiers for expensive materials, fine workmanship, and so forTH.</TD></TR><TR><TD>Belt, weapon</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Boots, pair</TD><TD>8</TD><TD>8d</TD><TD>6sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Chemise, linen</TD><TD>8</TD><TD>8d</TD><TD>6sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Cloak, woolen</TD><TD>36</TD><TD>3s</TD><TD>2gp 8sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; fur-lined</TD><TD>116</TD><TD>9s 8d</TD><TD>9gp 2sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Gown (long), woolen</TD><TD>36</TD><TD>3s</TD><TD>2gp 8sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Gloves*</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Hat</TD><TD>10</TD><TD>10d</TD><TD>8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Kirtle, woolen</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Purse</TD><TD>1.5</TD><TD>1d 2f</TD><TD>1sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Quiver, red leaTHer</TD><TD>9</TD><TD>9d</TD><TD>7sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Robe, woolen</TD><TD>36</TD><TD>3s</TD><TD>2gp 8sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Scarf*</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Shoes, pair</TD><TD>4.5</TD><TD>4d 2f</TD><TD>3sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Surcoat, linen</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>TRousers*, woolen</TD><TD>20</TD><TD>1s 8d</TD><TD>1gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Tunic (short)/doublet</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Underlinen</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>CloTHing modifiers </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Dyed, dear (scarlet, green, black)</TD><TD>x1.6</TD><TD>x1.6</TD><TD>x1.6</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; rare (purple, royal blue)</TD><TD>x2</TD><TD>x2</TD><TD>x2</TD></TR><TR><TD>Fur lining, cheap (an additional)</TD><TD align="right" x:num>80</TD><TD>6s 8d</TD><TD>6gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; luxury furs (an additional) min</TD><TD align="right" x:num>480</TD><TD>L2</TD><TD>38gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; (an additional) max</TD><TD align="right" x:num>720</TD><TD>L3</TD><TD>57gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Fine cloTH</TD><TD>x2</TD><TD>x2</TD><TD>x2</TD></TR><TR><TD>Shoddy (recycled rags)</TD><TD>x0.4</TD><TD>x0.4</TD><TD>x0.4</TD></TR><TR><TD>Silk</TD><TD>x12</TD><TD>x12</TD><TD>x12</TD></TR><TR><TH>Household furnishings</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Basin &amp; ewer min</TD><TD>16</TD><TD>1s 4d</TD><TD>1gp 2sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD>32</TD><TD>2s 8d</TD><TD>2gp 5sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Blanket, woolen</TD><TD>15</TD><TD>1s 3d</TD><TD>1gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Bottle</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Bowl, earTHenware</TD><TD>0.25</TD><TD>1f</TD><TD>2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Candles, tallow, in THe counTRy, per lb.</TD><TD>1.5</TD><TD>1d 2f</TD><TD>1sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; tallow, in a large city, per lb.</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; wax, per lb.</TD><TD>6.5</TD><TD>6d 2f</TD><TD>5sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Chair</TD><TD>4</TD><TD>4d</TD><TD>3sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Chest</TD><TD>6</TD><TD>6d</TD><TD>4sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; large, for cloTHes</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Coffer (sTRongbox)</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Cup, earTHenware</TD><TD>0.25</TD><TD>1f</TD><TD>2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; glass</TD><TD>2.5</TD><TD>2d 2f</TD><TD>2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Ewer, metal (brass&quot; pewter&quot;)</TD><TD>6</TD><TD>6d</TD><TD>4sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Knife, eating</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>MatTRess, sTRaw</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Mirror, silvered</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Padlock</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Pillow</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Plate, earTHenware</TD><TD>0.25</TD><TD>1f</TD><TD>2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Pot, cooking, ceramic</TD><TD>0.5</TD><TD>2f</TD><TD>4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; brass, large</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Sheet, linen</TD><TD>4</TD><TD>4d</TD><TD>3sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Stool</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Towel</TD><TD>6</TD><TD>6d</TD><TD>4sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Table</TD><TD>6</TD><TD>6d</TD><TD>4sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Information and InsTRuction</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Books, per pecia</TD><TD>9.5</TD><TD>9d 2f</TD><TD>7sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Book rental, per pecia per year</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>(a pecia is approx.7,500 words, THe Bible is about 100 pecia)</TD><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Fencing insTRuction, per monTH</TD><TD>120</TD><TD>10s</TD><TD>9gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Tuition, monastery school, per year</TD><TD>480</TD><TD>L2</TD><TD>38gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot;, private schoolmaster</TD><TD>160</TD><TD>13s 4d</TD><TD>12gp 8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot;, University, basic courses</TD><TD>480</TD><TD>L2</TD><TD>38gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; &quot; fashionable lecturers &amp;c</TD><TD>1200</TD><TD>L5</TD><TD>96gp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Livestock</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Capon</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Calf, weaned</TD><TD>10</TD><TD>10d</TD><TD>8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Cow</TD><TD>72</TD><TD>6s</TD><TD>5gp 7sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; good milker</TD><TD>120</TD><TD>10s</TD><TD>9gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Duck</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Donkey or mule*</TD><TD>280</TD><TD>L1 3s 4d</TD><TD>22gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Falcon, TRained gerfalcon</TD><TD>48</TD><TD>4s</TD><TD>3gp 8sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; TRained goshawk</TD><TD>60</TD><TD>5s</TD><TD>4gp 8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Fowl (hen)</TD><TD>0.5</TD><TD>2f</TD><TD>4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Goose</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Horse, riding hack (minimum costs)</TD><TD>300</TD><TD>L1 5s</TD><TD>24gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; pony*</TD><TD>300</TD><TD>L1 5s</TD><TD>24gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; TRained for horse-archer</TD><TD>480</TD><TD>L2</TD><TD>38gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; draught horse</TD><TD>1200</TD><TD>L5</TD><TD>96gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; palfrey</TD><TD>1680</TD><TD>L7</TD><TD>134gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; hunter*</TD><TD>2100</TD><TD>L8 15s</TD><TD>168gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; TRained desTRier</TD><TD>9600</TD><TD>L40</TD><TD>768gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Ox</TD><TD>108</TD><TD>9s</TD><TD>8gp 6sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Pig (in breeding counTRy)</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; (in a large city)</TD><TD>36</TD><TD>3s</TD><TD>2gp 8sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Pigeon</TD><TD>0.25</TD><TD>1f</TD><TD>2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Sheep (in breeding counTRy)</TD><TD>10</TD><TD>10d</TD><TD>8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; (in a large city)</TD><TD>17</TD><TD>1s 5d</TD><TD>1gp 3sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Precious items</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Necklace, gold</TD><TD>80</TD><TD>6s 8d</TD><TD>6gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; pearl</TD><TD>282</TD><TD>L1 3s 6d</TD><TD>22gp 5sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Ring, gold setting wiTH diamonds</TD><TD align="right" x:num="1800">1,800</TD><TD>L7 10s</TD><TD>144gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; gold setting wiTH ruby</TD><TD>320</TD><TD>L1 6s 8d</TD><TD>25gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Spoon, silver</TD><TD>28</TD><TD>2s 4d</TD><TD>2gp 2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Provisions</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Ale, per gallon</TD><TD>0.5</TD><TD>2f</TD><TD>4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Bacon, per side</TD><TD>9.5</TD><TD>9d 2f</TD><TD>7sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Bread, 1 loaf (24 oz&quot;)</TD><TD>0.25</TD><TD>1f</TD><TD>2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Cider, per tun</TD><TD>60</TD><TD>5s</TD><TD>4gp 8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Cheese, retail, per lb</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; whole, 80 lb</TD><TD>40</TD><TD>3s 4d</TD><TD>3gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Eggs, per dozen</TD><TD>0.5</TD><TD>2f</TD><TD>4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Fish, herrings, per dozen</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; Pike, whole, 3&quot; long</TD><TD>80</TD><TD>6s 8d</TD><TD>6gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; Sturgeon, per barrel</TD><TD>396</TD><TD>L1 13s</TD><TD>31gp 6sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Fruit, figs, per lb</TD><TD>1.5</TD><TD>1d 2f</TD><TD>1sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; pears, (30)</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; pomegranate, 1 only</TD><TD>6</TD><TD>6d</TD><TD>4sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Gingerbread, per lb</TD><TD>36</TD><TD>3s</TD><TD>2gp 8sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Grain, barley, per quarter</TD><TD>22</TD><TD>1s 10d</TD><TD>1gp 7sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; oats, per quarter</TD><TD>16</TD><TD>1s 4d</TD><TD>1gp 2sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; wheat, per quarter</TD><TD>38</TD><TD>3s 2d</TD><TD>3gp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Ham, whole</TD><TD>16</TD><TD>1s 4d</TD><TD>1gp 2sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Onions, 1 bushel</TD><TD>8</TD><TD>8d</TD><TD>6sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>ParTRidges, per brace</TD><TD>4.5</TD><TD>4d 2f</TD><TD>3sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Raisins, per lb</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Salt, per bushel</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Spices, per lb up to</TD><TD>168</TD><TD>14s</TD><TD>13gp 4sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Sugar, per lb</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Wine, fine claret, per tun (252 gal.)</TD><TD>480</TD><TD>L2</TD><TD>38gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; best, per gallon</TD><TD>4</TD><TD>4d</TD><TD>3sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; cheapest, per gallon</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>To feed a lord, per day</TD><TD>7</TD><TD>7d</TD><TD>5sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; a squire &quot;</TD><TD>4</TD><TD>4d</TD><TD>3sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; yeoman &quot;</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; groom &quot;</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Services</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Armour, clean &amp; de-rust</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; overhaul &amp; varnish</TD><TD>16</TD><TD>1s 4d</TD><TD>1gp 2sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Carriage, annual maintenance</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD>36</TD><TD>3s</TD><TD>2gp 8sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Cesspit, empty out</TD><TD>80</TD><TD>6s 8d</TD><TD>6gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Courier, 1 horse, per 50 km or day</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; 2 horses, per 100 km or day</TD><TD>18</TD><TD>1s 6d</TD><TD>1gp 4sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Ferry, river crossing for man &amp; horse</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Guide, for one night</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Milling grain, per quarter</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>MinsTRel, to play at an inn</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; Christmas gig at manor house</TD><TD>36</TD><TD>3s</TD><TD>2gp 8sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Stabling &amp; care, warhorse, per day</TD><TD>5.25</TD><TD>5d 1f</TD><TD>4sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; foal &quot;</TD><TD>1.5</TD><TD>1d 2f</TD><TD>1sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Stationery</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Parchment, folio, per leaf</TD><TD>0.5</TD><TD>2f</TD><TD>4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Vellum &quot;</TD><TD>1.25</TD><TD>1d 1f</TD><TD>1sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Wax, sealing, per lb.</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Tools and hardware</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Anvil</TD><TD>240</TD><TD>L1</TD><TD>19gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Armourer&quot;s tools, complete</TD><TD align="right" x:num="3324">3,324</TD><TD>L13 17s</TD><TD>265gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Auger</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Axe</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Barrel</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Bellows, large (for forge)</TD><TD>240</TD><TD>L1</TD><TD>19gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Bucket</TD><TD>4</TD><TD>4d</TD><TD>3sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Canvas, 25 yards</TD><TD>80</TD><TD>6s 8d</TD><TD>6gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Chisel</TD><TD>4</TD><TD>4d</TD><TD>3sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Loom and TReadle</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Pick*</TD><TD>1.5</TD><TD>1d 2f</TD><TD>1sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Plough</TD><TD>36</TD><TD>3s</TD><TD>2gp 8sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Rope, light, per faTHom</TD><TD>0.5</TD><TD>2f</TD><TD>4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Sand barrel (for cleaning mail)</TD><TD>9</TD><TD>9d</TD><TD>7sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Saw, hand*</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Saw, cross-cut*</TD><TD>30</TD><TD>2s 6d</TD><TD>2gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Shovel*</TD><TD>1.5</TD><TD>1d 2f</TD><TD>1sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Spade</TD><TD>1.5</TD><TD>1d 2f</TD><TD>1sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Spinning wheel (late)</TD><TD>10</TD><TD>10d</TD><TD>8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Vat</TD><TD>4</TD><TD>4d</TD><TD>3sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Vise</TD><TD>160</TD><TD>13s 4d</TD><TD>12gp 8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Yoke</TD><TD>16</TD><TD>1s 4d</TD><TD>1gp 2sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Vehicles</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Barge</TD><TD align="right" x:num="2400">2,400</TD><TD>L10</TD><TD>192gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Boat, 10&quot; sailing</TD><TD>78</TD><TD>6s 6d</TD><TD>6gp 2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Carrack*</TD><TD>910</TD><TD>L3 15s 10d</TD><TD>72gp 8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Carriage*</TD><TD>320</TD><TD>L1 6s 8d</TD><TD>25gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Cart, iron-bound</TD><TD>48</TD><TD>4s</TD><TD>3gp 8sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot;, wooden (unfit for long TRips)</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Cutter*</TD><TD>95</TD><TD>7s 11d</TD><TD>7gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Dray/waggon, iron-shod wheels</TD><TD>120</TD><TD>10s</TD><TD>9gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Galley, 40-oared*</TD><TD align="right" x:num="8480">8,480</TD><TD>L35 6s 8d</TD><TD>678gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; 80-oared &amp; masted*</TD><TD align="right" x:num="14896">14,896</TD><TD>L62 1s 4d</TD><TD>1191gp 6sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Wages &amp; Incomes</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Labourer, per day</TD><TD>1.25</TD><TD>1d 1f</TD><TD>1sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Craftsman, per day</TD><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>armourer min</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD>6</TD><TD>6d</TD><TD>4sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>carpenter</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>mason</TD><TD>4</TD><TD>4d</TD><TD>3sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>weaver</TD><TD>2.5</TD><TD>2d 2f</TD><TD>2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>apprentice carpenter</TD><TD>1.75</TD><TD>1d 3f</TD><TD>1sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>apprentice armourer</TD><TD>3.75</TD><TD>3d 3f</TD><TD>3sp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Landowner, per year </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; knight min</TD><TD align="right" x:num>7200</TD><TD>L30</TD><TD>576gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD align="right" x:num>72000</TD><TD>L300</TD><TD>5760gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; baron or abbot min</TD><TD align="right" x:num>48000</TD><TD>L200</TD><TD>3840gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD align="right" x:num>120000</TD><TD>L500</TD><TD>9600gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; earl/count or bishop min</TD><TD align="right" x:num>96000</TD><TD>L400</TD><TD>7680gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD align="right" x:num="2640000">2640000</TD><TD>L11000</TD><TD>211200gp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; King (of England)</TD><TD align="right" x:num="7200000">7200000</TD><TD>L30000</TD><TD>576000gp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Mercenary, per day </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Archer</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; mounted</TD><TD>6</TD><TD>6d</TD><TD>4sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Knight banneret</TD><TD>48</TD><TD>4s</TD><TD>3gp 8sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Knight</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>InfanTRyman, armoured</TD><TD>6</TD><TD>6d</TD><TD>4sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Man-at-arms, mounted</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Squire</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Priest (in a chanTRy), per year</TD><TD align="right" x:num="1120">1,120</TD><TD>L4 13s 4d</TD><TD>89gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Servant, per year (plus bed &amp; board) </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; squire min</TD><TD>160</TD><TD>13s 4d</TD><TD>12gp 8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD>240</TD><TD>L1</TD><TD>19gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; carter, porter, groom, falconer, messenger, etc. min</TD><TD>60</TD><TD>5s</TD><TD>4gp 8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD align="right" x:num>104</TD><TD>8s 8d</TD><TD>8gp 3sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; indoor and kitchen min</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD>48</TD><TD>4s</TD><TD>3gp 8sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; boys and pages min</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD align="right" x:num>72</TD><TD>6s</TD><TD>5gp 7sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Weapons</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TH>Swords </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Dagger*</TD><TD>3.5</TD><TD>3d 2f</TD><TD>2sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Main gauche*</TD><TD>7</TD><TD>7d</TD><TD>5sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Short sword*</TD><TD>14</TD><TD>1s 2d</TD><TD>1gp 1sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Falchion</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Scimitar*</TD><TD>20.5</TD><TD>1s 8d 2f</TD><TD>1gp 6sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Tulwar*</TD><TD>22</TD><TD>1s 10d</TD><TD>1gp 7sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Rapier*</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Sabre*</TD><TD>14</TD><TD>1s 2d</TD><TD>1gp 1sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Broadsword*</TD><TD>17</TD><TD>1s 5d</TD><TD>1gp 3sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Estoc*</TD><TD>22</TD><TD>1s 10d</TD><TD>1gp 7sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Hand &amp; a Half*</TD><TD>29</TD><TD>2s 5d</TD><TD>2gp 3sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Claymore*</TD><TD>27.5</TD><TD>2s 3d 2f</TD><TD>2gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Two-handed sword*</TD><TD>34</TD><TD>2s 10d</TD><TD>2gp 7sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Hafted weapons </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Hand axe</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Battle axe*</TD><TD>7</TD><TD>7d</TD><TD>5sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Great axe*</TD><TD>10</TD><TD>10d</TD><TD>8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Giant axe*</TD><TD>13</TD><TD>1s 1d</TD><TD>1gp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Crude club*</TD><TD>0.25</TD><TD>1f</TD><TD>2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>War club*</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Torch</TD><TD>0.25</TD><TD>1f</TD><TD>2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Mace*</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Giant mace*</TD><TD>13.5</TD><TD>1s 1d 2f</TD><TD>1gp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>War hammer*</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>War pick*</TD><TD>7</TD><TD>7d</TD><TD>5sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Flail*</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Morningstar*</TD><TD>7</TD><TD>7d</TD><TD>5sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Mattock*</TD><TD>6</TD><TD>6d</TD><TD>4sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Quarterstaff*</TD><TD>0.25</TD><TD>1f</TD><TD>2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Sap*</TD><TD>0.75</TD><TD>3f</TD><TD>6cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Pole weapons </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Javelin*</TD><TD>1.25</TD><TD>1d 1f</TD><TD>1sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Spear*</TD><TD>3.5</TD><TD>3d 2f</TD><TD>2sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Giant spear*</TD><TD>7</TD><TD>7d</TD><TD>5sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Pike*</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Lance</TD><TD>6</TD><TD>6d</TD><TD>4sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Halberd*</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Poleaxe*</TD><TD>7</TD><TD>7d</TD><TD>5sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>TRident*</TD><TD>7</TD><TD>7d</TD><TD>5sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Glaive*</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Giant glaive*</TD><TD>10</TD><TD>10d</TD><TD>8sp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Missile weapons </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Sling*</TD><TD>1.25</TD><TD>1d 1f</TD><TD>1sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Short bow*</TD><TD>14.5</TD><TD>1s 2d 2f</TD><TD>1gp 1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Long bow</TD><TD>18</TD><TD>1s 6d</TD><TD>1gp 4sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Composite bow*</TD><TD>21.5</TD><TD>1s 9d 2f</TD><TD>1gp 7sp 1cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Giant bow*</TD><TD>57.5</TD><TD>4s 9d 2f</TD><TD>4gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Crossbow</TD><TD>60</TD><TD>5s</TD><TD>4gp 8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Cranequin for above*</TD><TD>40</TD><TD>3s 4d</TD><TD>3gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>SpearTHrower*</TD><TD>1.5</TD><TD>1d 2f</TD><TD>1sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Blowgun*</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Ammunition </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Arrows (longbow), (24)</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Bolts (crossbow), (20)</TD><TD>6.25</TD><TD>6d 1f</TD><TD>5sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Bullets, lead (sling), (8)</TD><TD>1</TD><TD>1d</TD><TD>8cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Entangling weapons </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Net*</TD><TD>3</TD><TD>3d</TD><TD>2sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Bolas*</TD><TD>4.5</TD><TD>4d 2f</TD><TD>3sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Whip*</TD><TD>7.25</TD><TD>7d 1f</TD><TD>5sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Anachronistic weapons </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Cestus*</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Garotte*</TD><TD>2</TD><TD>2d</TD><TD>1sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Shields </TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Buckler*</TD><TD>1.75</TD><TD>1d 3f</TD><TD>1sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Small round shield*</TD><TD>2.75</TD><TD>2d 3f</TD><TD>2sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Large round shield*</TD><TD>3.5</TD><TD>3d 2f</TD><TD>2sp 8cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Kite shield*</TD><TD>5</TD><TD>5d</TD><TD>4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Tower shield*</TD><TD>6.75</TD><TD>6d 3f</TD><TD>5sp 4cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Main gauche*</TD><TD>7</TD><TD>7d</TD><TD>5sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TH>Legal privileges</TH><TD></TD><TD x:sTR></TD><TD x:sTR></TD></TR><TR><TD>Apprenticeship, guild of carpenters</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; company of mercers</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>2s</TD><TD>1gp 9sp 2cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Freedom (of a city) min</TD><TD>40</TD><TD>3s 4d</TD><TD>3gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD>240</TD><TD>L1</TD><TD>19gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Marriage licence (for serf) min</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>1s</TD><TD>9sp 6cp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD>160</TD><TD>13s 4d</TD><TD>12gp 8sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Membership, guild of carpenters</TD><TD>40</TD><TD>3s 4d</TD><TD>3gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; company of mercers</TD><TD>240</TD><TD>L1</TD><TD>19gp 2sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; oTHer guilds min</TD><TD>80</TD><TD>6s 8d</TD><TD>6gp 4sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>&quot; max</TD><TD>720</TD><TD>L3</TD><TD>57gp 6sp</TD></TR><TR><TD>Nobility, patent of</TD><TD align="right" x:num="30000">30,000</TD><TD>L125</TD><TD>2400gp</TD></TR></TBODY>
</TABLE>
Here's a better formatted version of your list. I've included THe Fantasy Hero coinage as well - THey have a comparison for daily labour wage, such THat one penny and a farTHing = 1 sp
Curufea
Mar 29th, '05, 01:06 AM
I like the list a lot, but I think you should have some sort of legend/conversion chart for your coinage.

For example, I know how many shillings per pound, that a shilling is (d) and a pound is (L), but how 'bout the rest of the numbers & letters? I think that should be at the top of the page...or is there a reference somewhere else?

In the first post. But I will put it on the high fantasy listing as well.

Shillings (s), Pennies (d), Farthings (f)
4 Farthings in a Penny. 12 Pennies in a Shilling. 20 Shillings in a Pound. Technically though, they would just snap a penny into halves and quarters for hapennies and farthings.

It should come naturally to USA citizens - you're still using miles and inches after all :)
(same Imperial system)
Agemegos
Mar 29th, '05, 03:07 PM
Very nice!

Thank you. There used to be a fair number of copies in different places around the 'Net, but they all seem to have vanished.


I would like to incorporate you price list into my more historical one if possible.

I would feel flattered. Knock yourself out.


I've not yet satisfactorily worked out the conversion rate between fantasy coinage (gp) and historical coinage. It's very difficult to base it on average daily wage - because fantasy settings rarely have them, or have them consistently, or even acknowledge that the occupations they have listed are complete guesses and inconsistent.

This is an inherently difficult thing to do, because most fantasy game price lists are made up at complete guess, or at best with an eye to game balance rather than to making any sort of economic sense. The really remarkable things that you discover when researching historical prices are:

* That food was amazingly cheap: there just weren't coins small enough to buy what we now consider normal retail quantities.

* That clothes were amazingly expensive: before the Industrial Revolution, when cloth was hand-woven, even a simple garment represented many hours of work.

* That the relative price of horses rose drastically from the beginning to the end of the mediaeval period: grazing land was ample and free in AD 1100, by AD 1340 it was scarce.

* That the relative price of metalwork fell drastically from the beginning of the mediaeval period to the end: the price of iron weapons and armour in terms of labour halved from 1100 to 1450.

* That mail was in fact more expensive than plate: knights in the early mediaeval wore mail because that was what was available, they switched to plate later as the ironworking techniques improved, and plate gradually became available in ever-more-complex shaped pieces (thus allowing plate armouring of limbs and joints. Mail was never worn as a cheap alternative.

It is very interesting that in the early mediaeval period the chief expense of a knight's equipment was his frightfully expensive mail coat: his horses were fairly cheap. Three hundred years later his plate armour was comparatively much cheaper, and his horses were the chief expense of his outfit.

One result is that you have to acknowledge the sweeping economic change that occurred duringt he mediaeval period, and ask yourself what sort of mediaeval economy, what kind of mediaeval society, you wish to emulate in your fantasy setting. An early mediaeval economy in which forest-fattened pork was the staple of diet, labour scarce, land free for the cost of clearing it, livestock cheap, and the ranks of the knighthood open. Or a late mediaeval economy in which porridge or bread is the staple of diet, land scarce, labour available in excess, livestock expensive, and society much more rigid.
Mutant for Hire
Mar 29th, '05, 04:37 PM
Of course the real complicating issue here is magic, which is in essence technology that pushes one out of the medieval period.

My own view on most systems of magic is to picture what would have happened to the industrial revolution without fossil fuels such as coal and oil. The reason I go that way is that under most systems of magic, one is limited in effect to "human power", what an individual or a group of individuals flexing their mystic muscle can do. The sacrifice of animals is analogous to using animals for mechanical power, after a fashion.

In short, you can build very sophisticated machinery but to some extent you're still limited to a very narrow range of power supplies. That limits to the extent that machinery is built, or in this case, magical items are created. Magicians would be constantly looking out for sources of energy, terrestrial, celestial and other, with which to drive their enchantments.

The bright side is that it more or less preserves the medieval feel. The poor are not going to see much in the way of magic. Every bit of mystical power in general goes to the upper class with some spillover into the middle class. It's very doubtful any enchanted items would automate farming in any way. The normal shift for labor from the farms is the factories, but with energy being limited to humans and animals, it's not clear that such factories would be particularly cost effective.
Agemegos
Apr 5th, '05, 03:36 PM
Curufea:

I have been reading Christopher Dyer's Making a Living in the Middle Ages. I am finding it rather dull on the whole, but I did come across the price of a slave in 9th-century England. This was apparently typically about one pound.

For a slave to have a price of only about one year's wages is reminiscent of Classical Greece rather than of the Antebellum South of the USA. And it suggests that slaves were either just about free for the rounding up or else were not very remunerative. The fact that slavery petered out (slaves were converted to serfs, or sometimes freed outright) in England in the 10th to 11th centuries suggests the latter. Wide-spread records of slaves owning land and goods suggest reinforce the conclusion, and suggest that slaves were not very remunerative to their owners because their owners had only limited real power to sequester their production.

The English currency was not significantly debased from Saxon times to the High Middle Ages (though the excellent standard that the Saxons maintained by frequent re-mintings was not maintained), but the value of silver sensibly declined as the product of siler mines accumulated silver faster than population grew. This 20s of 850 would be equivalent no more than about 25s in teh 'epoch of 1200' prices I gave earlier.
Curufea
Apr 5th, '05, 04:08 PM
There is also the problem of some of the sources I'm using for the Western Shores pricelist are from the later middle ages - several hundred years later. Mainly because of the fantasy nature of the setting allows for varying technology levels to co-exist.

Slavery ties in with the indentured servitude and wergild legal system of the Dark Ages, which later developed into serfs and feudalism. It's great for an historic game, but I won't be using in much for the WS setting. Well, not in every nation, anyway :)
Ki-rin
Apr 5th, '05, 04:09 PM
Most Impressive. That's a serious amount of work.

For a look at a game system where magic exists, yet it's +still+ a Medieval setting, take a look at Chaosium's _Pendragon_ (assuming it's still in print.)
Curufea
Apr 5th, '05, 04:18 PM
What I will do (and I'll start a separate thread for it) is create a fantasy currency converter as well. Which will do some of the major roleplaying systems and my WS settings ones.

You won't get identical pricelists - because most roleplaying systems aren't consistent - horses are cheap or expensive, metal is easy to come by, or whatever. In man cases I think they determine their pricelists in an arbitrary manner - or just convert a modern catalogue and forget we have industralisation and mass production.

But, be that as it may - a converter that can give a rough idea of the equivalents of different systems would be useful.
Ki-rin
Apr 5th, '05, 08:47 PM
What I will do (and I'll start a separate thread for it) is create a fantasy currency converter as well. Which will do some of the major roleplaying systems and my WS settings ones.

More coolness!



You won't get identical pricelists - because most roleplaying systems aren't consistent - horses are cheap or expensive, metal is easy to come by, or whatever. In man cases I think they determine their pricelists in an arbitrary manner - or just convert a modern catalogue and forget we have industralisation and mass production.

But, be that as it may - a converter that can give a rough idea of the equivalents of different systems would be useful.
Even in a Medieval economy, prices fluctuate. The Law of Supply and Demand exists. The principle of Marginal Utility exists. Etc.

The best any static price list can do is model an idealized stable state economy where goods and services have their "expected" availablity and value relative to each other. This is valid for about an instant.

As soon as Trade starts happening, as soon as the environment (weather, politics, health issues, etc) is allowed to become dynamic prices start fluctuating. And should. Easier to obtain or less valued goods given the situation become less expensive. Harder to obtain or more valued goods given the situation become more expensive.

Best place to start might be to figure out what a "typical" economy of a given size needs for goods and services per capita per day. Base your price list on this and then have guidelines as to how things change given certain factors....

...hmmm. Might be an interesting piece of code to write.
Mutant for Hire
Apr 5th, '05, 09:59 PM
Any decent rules of thumb for how a good or bad harvest can affect food prices? For that matter, what constitutes a good or bad harvest in general?
Curufea
Apr 5th, '05, 10:21 PM
Too much rain, or too little rain. Too many insects, fires, or armies foraging nearby.

It's also dependant on magic - does your setting include utility magic, or is it limited to combat magic only? Are they using three crop rotation, or do they allow fields to lie fallow? Are there fantasy crops that bloom in different times to normal crops?