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On This Day in History


GhostDancer

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1874

The Republican Party was first symbolized as an elephant in a cartoon drawn by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly magazine.

1916

Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first woman elected to Congress.

1917

Vladimir Lenin's forces overthrew Alexander Kerensky's government in Russia's Bolshevik Revolution.

1944

President Franklin D. Roosevelt won a fourth term in office, defeating Thomas E. Dewey.

1962

Former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt died in New York City at age 78.

1967

Carl Stokes of Cleveland became the first African American mayor of a major U.S. city.

1989

L. Douglas Wilder was elected governor of Virginia. He became the nation's first elected black governor.

2000

The U.S. went to the polls to choose between George W. Bush and Al Gore. The outcome wouldn't be known for more than a month because of disputed votes in Florida.

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1889

Montana became the 41st state.

1892

Former president Grover Cleveland beat incumbent Benjamin Harrison and became the only president to win nonconsecutive terms in the White House.

1923

Adolf Hitler attempted, and failed, to seize control of the German government in the Beer Hall Putsch.

1960

John F. Kennedy defeated Richard M. Nixon for the presidency of the United States.

1966

Edward W. Brooke of Massachusetts became the first African American to be elected to the U.S. Senate since Reconstruction.

1994

After a 40-year Democrat domination, the Republican Party gained control of the U.S. House of Representatives, as well as a Senate majority.

 

2016

 

Donald Trump wins more than 200 votes from the Electoral College, Hillary Clinton wins more than 300.  Or, you know, my guess is wrong.

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1888

Jack the Ripper killed his last victim, Mary Jane Kelly.

1938

Nazis burned and looted temples and Jewish-owned stores and houses in Germany and Austria in what became known as Kristallnacht (Crystal Night—referring to broken glass on streets).

1953

Author-poet Dylan Thomas died in New York at age 39.

1965

A switch at a station near Niagara Falls failed. The Northeast and parts of Canada went dark for more than 13 hours.

1970

Former French president Charles De Gaulle died at age 79.

1989

Borders between East and West Germany were opened and the Berlin Wall began to be dismantled the next day.

 

2016

 

For the first time, the U.S. President Elect has neither government nor military experience.

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1871

Journalist and explorer Henry Stanley found the missing David Livingstone in Central Africa and made his famous comment, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"

1928

Hirohito was crowned Emperor of Japan.

1951

The first long distance telephone call without operator assistance took place.

1969

Sesame Street premiered on PBS TV.

1970

The Great Wall of China opened to the world for tourism.

1982

The Vietnam Veterans Memorial opened in Washington, DC.

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Point of order: That switch didn't fail. It did exactly what it was designed to do.

 

Sounds legit.

 

I show my students this video each year when we discuss the role of science and technology in our society. It gives an interesting reenactment of what happened that night.

 

(It's the opening episode from James Burke's 1978 documentary series Connections. It runs about 48 minutes.)

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e4tLYYXDg74

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1620

The Mayflower Compact was signed by Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower. It would provide the basis for all governments of the American colonies.

1831

Former slave Nat Turner was executed.

1889

Washington became the 42nd state.

1918

The Allies and Germany signed an armistice ending World War I.

1921

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was dedicated in Arlington National Cemetery.

1965

Rhodesia proclaimed its independence from Britain.

1992

The Church of England voted to ordain women as priests.

2004

Yasir Arafat, chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization, died in Paris. Mahmoud Abbas was elected to take his place.

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1775

U.S. forces, under the command of Gen. Richard Montgomery, captured Montreal during the American Revolution.

1927

The world's first long, mechanically ventilated underwater tunnel, the Holland Tunnel, opened between New York and New Jersey.

1940

Walt Disney's Fantasia debuted.

1942

The minimum draft age was lowered from 21 to 18.

1946

Vincent Schaefer produced artificial snow from a natural cloud for the first time at Mount Greylock in Massachusetts.

1956

The Supreme Court struck down laws calling for racial segregation on buses.

1982

The Vietnam War Memorial, designed by Maya Lin, was dedicated in Washington, DC.

2001

The Taliban abandoned Afghanistan's capital of Kabul when the Northern Alliance entered the city.

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1763

Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon began surveying the Mason-Dixon line.

1777

The Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation, the precursor to the U.S. Constitution.

1806

Explorer Zebulon Pike spotted the mountaintop now known as Pikes Peak.

1939

The cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial was laid by President Roosevelt.

1969

About 250,000 protesters against the Vietnam War, the largest war protest ever, converged peacefully on Washington, DC.

2002

Hu Jintao replaced Jiang Zemin as China's Communist Party leader.

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Last night (14/15 November) in 1942, the final stage of the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ended with the Americans sending a scratch force of four destroyers and two battleships to stop a shore bombardment and transport run by the Japanese. The Japanese sank three of the four US destroyers while losing one of their own, but USS Washington sank Kirishima, with 16-inch rifles laid by radar fire control and an opening range of only 8400 yards. The Japanese transports beached themselves on Guadalcanal and were destroyed by aircraft and surface gunnery the next day. The Japanese had had one of Kirishima's sister ships, Hiei, sunk in an earlier stage of the battle two nights previous. The losses, with their failure to suppress the American air forces based on Henderson Field, led the Japanese to abandon the struggle for the island. Though the Battle of Midway five months earlier had neutralized the Japanese superiority won in its initial strokes the previous December, the defeat at Guadalcanal was where the strategic initiative passed irreversibly into the Allies' hands.

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1864

General Sherman and his troops began their "March to the sea" during the Civil War.

1907

Oklahoma became the 46th state.

1933

The United States and the Soviet Union established diplomatic relations.

1973

President Nixon signed the bill authorizing the construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline.

2004

President George W. Bush nominated Condoleezza Rice to replace Colin Powell as secretary of state.

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1558

Queen Elizabeth I of England ascended to the throne upon the death of her half-sister Queen Mary.

1800

Congress met in Washington, DC, for the first time.

1869

The Suez Canal opened in Egypt.

1917

Sculptor Auguste Rodin died in Meudon, France.

1968

Night of the "Heidi bowl:" NBC switched from football to movie of Heidi. In the missing 42 seconds, the lagging Raiders scored two touchdowns, defeating the Jets.

1973

President Nixon said "I am not a crook."

1989

The beginning of the "Velvet Revolution," which led to the downfall of communism in Czechoslovakia.

2003

Arnold Schwarzenegger was sworn in as governor of California.

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1820

Captain Nathaniel Palmer discovered Antarctica.

1883

Standard time began in the United States.

1886

Chester A. Arthur, the 21st president of the United States (1881–1885), died in New York at 56.

1928

Mickey Mouse made his debut in Steamboat Willie.

1976

Spain's parliament approved a bill to establish a democracy after 37 years of dictatorship.

1978

Jim Jones, a U.S. pastor, led 914 of his followers to their deaths at Jonestown, Guyana, by drinking a cyanide-laced fruit drink. Cult members who refused to swallow the drink were shot.

2003

The Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled 4-3 that the right to same sex marriage was guaranteed by the state constitution.

2004

The UN Security Council held a two-day session in Nairobi. This was the first time it had convened outside of New York headquarters.

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1789

 

New Jersey became the first state to ratify the Bill of Rights.

 

1910

 

Francisco Madero began an armed revolt against the president of Mexico, Porfirio Diaz.

 

1945

 

The war crimes trials of 24 German World War II leaders began in Nuremberg, Germany.

 

1947

 

The future Queen Elizabeth II married Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Ediburgh.

 

1962

 

President John F. Kennedy agreed to lift the American blockade of Cuba, ending the Cuban missile crisis.

 

1975

 

Spain's General Francisco Franco died.

 

2000

 

Peru's president Alberto Fujimori resigned.

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1789

 

North Carolina became the 12th state.

 

1922

 

Georgia's Rebecca Felton was sworn into the U.S. Senate, becoming the first woman U.S. Senator.

 

1934

 

Cole Porter's musical Anything Goes opened in New York City.

 

1969

 

For the first time since 1930, the U.S. Senate rejected a Supreme Court nominee, Clement Haynsworth.

 

1973

 

The 18 1/2 min gap in the Richard Nixon Watergate tapes was revealed.

 

1991

 

Egypt's Boutros Boutros-Ghali was chosen to become secretary-general by the UN Security Council.

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1497

Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama became the first navigator to sail around the Cape of Good Hope in his search for a sea route to India.

1718

Edward Teach, better known as Blackbeard the pirate, was killed off the east coast of North America.

1842

Mount St. Helens in Washington state erupted. Ash fallout reached as far as 48 miles away.

1906

"S-O-S" was adopted as a distress signal at the International Radio Telegraphic Convention in Berlin.

1943

President Franklin Roosevelt, British prime minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek met in Cairo to discuss measures for defeating Japan.

1963

President John F. Kennedy was assassinated while riding in a motorcade in Dallas.

1990

Margaret Thatcher announced her resignation as prime minister of the United Kingdom.

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1889

The first jukebox was installed at the Palais Royal Saloon in San Francisco.

1936

First issue of Life magazine hit the newsstands. The cover photograph, by Margaret Bourke-White, featured the Fort Peck Dam.

1945

U.S. wartime food rationing, of meat, butter, and other foods, ended.

1971

People's Republic of China was seated at the UN Security Council.

2003

Eduard Shevardnadze resigned as president of Georgia.

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