Re: Like Cold Fusion... Except It Works?
Believe a neutron, high or low energy, is 1 proton plus 1 electron. If it was one proton and two electrons, it would have a net negative charge.
So the process splits hydrogen atoms out of water molecules (takes energy). Then turns a neutral hydrogen atom (1 proton plus 1 electron) into a neutron, without exposing it to forces on the order of magnitude of the gravity of a neutron star.
Being a low energy (which in this case means "not fast moving") neutron it is "captured" by another hydrogen atom, creating an atom of deuterium (2H). Will admit I'm not familiar enough with free neutrons to know if that takes or releases energy, but the rule of thumb is movement toward iron (Fe) from either end of the periodic table releases energy. Maybe this is part of the energy released.
Anyway, then another neutron bumps into the deuterium atom and tuns it into tritium (3H); another one comes along and it becomes quadrium (4H). 4H is unstable enough it emits an electron (beta decay), turning one of the newly created neutrons back into an electron and a proton, and the quadrium into helium (4He). Without enough neutrons being soaked up in creating heavier isotopes of oxygen to keep the process from going past the break-even point.
If this even becomes a less expensive way of creating deuterium and tritium it would have commercial applications. Again, I'll wait for the peer review.
*shrug* On Earth, water is the most readily available source of hydrogen. If we are talking a long enough timeline that mining for extraterrestrial ices becomes cost effective, you have water (H2O), ammonia (H3N), or methane, (H4C), in order of increasing abundance, and "protenium" can be extracted from all of them. Or if other elements do soak up some of the free neutrons, diatomic hydrogen (H2) would be the most efficient choice.