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tkdguy

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Re: The black hole that's too big, too early in the universe's history, some months back (IIRC) Scientific American had an article on mathematical simulations of the first stars. Thing is, these "Population III" stars would be almost pure hydrogen and helium, and so they wouldn't burn the same way as modern stars. Apparently a pure H/He core can't become as dense, which means a forming star can accumulate greater mass, which means these early stars could reach up to a million solar masses! They'd have these immense, relatively diffuse cores... until enough heavier elements were produced, at which point they would collapse. As the astrophysicists observed, it's easier to explain billion-solar-mass black holes if you start with million-solar-mass stars instead of 100-solar-mass stars.

 

(All still theoretical, of course, but one more reason to want bigger telescopes.)

 

Dean Shomshak

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For static stars, it's something like that. The larger mass limits are things that are never actually stable, but they last long enough and get hot and dense enough in their cores to start fusion processes on a large enough scale to produce enough heavy elements so ordinary stars can form. The stellar interiors calculations get really hairy when you can't be in equilibrium, but last I heard, if any of those zero-metals things makes carbon in any quantity then the rate of energy generation spikes very hard and you might get heavier things during one of those high-temperature flashes.

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And supposedly Dawn arrives at Ceres this week, though it has a lengthy episode of orbit adjustment to get into its close orbit.

It's interesting that Dawn is equipped with an ion drive and as a result there's no nail-biting ten-second make-or-break burn to enter orbit. Boring... but so much more reliable.

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