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Researchers discover underlying cause of brain fog linked with long COVID

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A team of scientists from Trinity College Dublin and investigators from FutureNeuro has announced a major discovery with profound importance for our understanding of brain fog and cognitive decline seen in some patients with long COVID. The work appears in Nature Neuroscience.

In the months after the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 in late 2019 a patient-reported syndrome termed long COVID began to come to the fore as an enduring manifestation of acute infection.

Long COVID has up to 200 reported symptoms to date, but in general, patients report lingering symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, problems with memory and thinking and joint/muscle pain. While the vast majority of people suffering from COVID-19 make a full recovery, any of these symptoms that linger for more than 12 weeks post infection can be considered long COVID.

Long COVID has now become a major public health issue since the outbreak of the pandemic in 2020. While international incidence rates vary, it is estimated to affect up to 10% of patients infected with the SARS-CoV2 virus. Of these patients suffering from long COVID, just under 50% of them report some form of lingering neurological effect such as cognitive decline, fatigue and brain fog.

Now, the findings reported by the Trinity team have shown that there was disruption to the integrity of the blood vessels in the brains of patients suffering from long COVID and brain fog. This blood vessel "leakiness" was able to objectively distinguish those patients with brain fog and cognitive decline compared to patients suffering from long COVID but not with brain fog.

The team led by scientists at the Smurfit Institute of Genetics in Trinity's School of Genetics and Microbiology and neurologists in the School of Medicine have also uncovered a novel form of MRI scan that shows how long COVID can affect the human brain's delicate network of blood vessels.

 

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